Preheat oven to 350ºF (177ºC). Line a baking sheet with a parchment paper or a silicone baking mat. Set aside.
In a medium size bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In a separate medium size bowl with a hand held mixer or the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, cream together the butter and brown sugar on medium speed. Scrape down the sides and bottom of the bowl with a spatula. Add the egg and vanilla extract, and beat again on medium speed until everything is combined and no lumps remain.
With the mixer on low, slowly add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients in 2 additions, mixing thoroughly after each addition. Add the chocolate chips and mix again on low until evenly dispersed.
Scrape down the sides of the bowl to gather the batter. In three separate Tablespoon additions, add the homemade caramel sauce, putting each Tablespoon onto a different area of the batter. Turn the mixer on low and allow it to make a few revolutions, just to swirl the caramel sauce around a bit.
Using a cookie scoop (I use this #50 cookie scoop for all of my standard size cookies), drop rounded balls onto baking sheet. Bake for 10 minutes until sides just begin to brown. Remove from oven, sprinkle with sea salt (if desired), and allow to cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely. Cookies stay fresh in an airtight container at room temperature up to 1 week. Baked cookies may be frozen up to 2 months. Rolled cookie dough can be frozen, up to 2 months. Bake frozen on baking sheet for 12 minutes.
All nutritional values are approximate and provided to the reader as a courtesy. Changing ingredients and/or quantities will alter the estimated nutritional calculations.